Semiology is a human science that aspires to the precision of the exact sciences. However, faced with various subjects, this science has come up against methodological difficulties. The image in particular represents a challenge that can only be resolved by methods inspired from hermeneutics. First, our article exposes the methodological challenges that semiology encounters and the solutions proposed to overcome them. Secondly, we define a framework for understanding caricature which needs to be examined according to a particular consideration since it expressly rebels against the rules of the iconic resemblance on which the image feeds. Thus, we examine how the cartoonist manages to create a satirical meaning although he breaks and destroys the form and the icon.