The exile writing which is strongly present in the diasporic literature reflects the representations of the migrant author on identity and alterity, based on his lived experience shared between rupture and uprooting in the welcoming land. Therefore, thinking about exile is depicted as a reflection on the mental, ontological and psychological itinerary for the displaced author who carries out a permanent quest for himself through his writing, thus striving to define himself confronting his new landmarks, at the crossroads of several cultures. Najat Elhachmi is one of the migrant writers who have established themselves on the contemporary literary scene in Spain. Born in Nador in Morocco in 1979 and left at the age of eight with her family to Catalonia. In 2004, she expressed, her uprooting in this welcoming space that marked her for life in her first autobiographical book ''Yo tambésoccatalana'' (I too am Catalan) In the next article, we aim to analyze the exile writing in this text of Najat Elhachmi, considering it, on one hand, as a symptom of the break with the origins and the confrontation with the other and as a strategy for overcoming this tearing on the other hand.

Nigerian art music has stood out as a veritable genre with which the norms, culture, religion, sociocultural and educational value systems are promoted globally. Investigations have shown that different scholarly studies and music performances in other genres have been used to portray these value systems. These values and learned in both formal and non-formal learning education. The philosophical context of moral educative values be seen and understood within the musicality framework of Nigerian art music. Therefore, this study examines the contextual philosophical text via the creative musical continuum used by David Bolaji to reveal the moral educative values in his selected compositions. The study hinges on the theory of critical discourse analysis presented by Fairclough [1]. The referenced compositional works include Orisa (gods) and Amebo (gossip). Findings show that the study, not Bolaji explores philosophical texts as an educative lens to educate and inculcate virtues in students. The study frowns upon uncultured behaviour among students in society. Finally, the study serves as a paradigm for composers to pattern different philosophical compositions to promote educative moral values.

Language ideology is a social practice which has entered into literary discourse. This paper explores the theme of language ideological practices in Samuel Selvon‟s The Lonely Londoners in order to identify the language ideological blocs and describe the practice of language ideology in the text, as well as explain the link between language ideology and social identity. The paper adopted the descriptive research method and drew on corpus from the primary text, while discussion of the corpus was done using the conceptual framework of language ideology and M.A.K. Halliday‟s social semiotic view of language. The paper found two competing language ideologies being practiced in different ways by the participants and showed that there is a strong correlation between language ideology and social identity in the novel.

The various political entities that made up the historical and geographical region known as Hausaland have had a long and checkered history of political transformation. Most of those entities evolved as autonomous geo-political units before the 19th Century. The establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate in the 19th Century, however, led to the assemblage of most of these polities into emirates under the authority of the Caliphate. Nonetheless, there were other entities that retained their pre-jihad political structures and only paid tribute to the Caliphate. These entities were only transformed into emirates after colonial conquest in the early 20th Century. The British colonial masters transformed these kingdoms into emirates mainly for administrative convenience. Yawuri is one of these kingdoms. This paper explores the history of the political transformation of Yawuri from its emergence as a kingdom down to the period of its transformation into an emirate. It locates the socio-historical and political peculiarities of Yawuri and explained why Yawuri, unlike many Hausa kingdoms, did not transform into an emirate following the establishment of the Caliphate.

This study assessed the educational resources available for the Implementation of Undergraduate General Studies (GST) Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Federal Universities in North Central Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria. A crosssectional survey research design was used for the study. Two research questions and two hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The population constituted of seven federal universities and 25,087 four hundred level undergraduate students. Five Federal Universities and 1,826 undergraduate students were drawn from the population using a multistage stratified sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were Observations Checklists on Adequacy of Facilities for Implementing General Studies Entrepreneurship Education (OCAFIGSTEE) and Observation Checklist on Availability of Materials for Implementing General Studies Entrepreneurship Education (OCAMIGSTEE). The instruments were subjected to face and content validity and scrutinized by three experts in Curriculum Studies, Business Management and Test, Measurement and Evaluation. A reliability coefficient of 0.957 was obtained using Cronbach Alpha Correlation Coefficient Method. Instruments were administered by the researchers and research assistants. Data was analysed using chi-square of independent samples. The study implore the use of SPSS version 23.0. The results revealed that the facilities and materials for the implementation of the undergraduate GST entrepreneurship were grossly inadequate resulting to most of the entrepreneurship skills not learned. Hence, it was recommended that more funds to be raised to support entrepreneurship activities through the GST department of each university to collaborate with Industrial Training Funds (ITF), World Bank Intervention Programmes and Tertiary Educational Trust Funds (TET-Funds). Also, through the Federal Government of Nigeria increasing the yearly budget on tertiary education.

During 1960‟s and 1970‟s a sharp increase in the representation of motherhood experience was seen in both popular and academic literature. Motherhood memoirs or mommy memoirs, or, even shorter, momoirs emerged to accommodate the varied aspects of mothering and motherhood experiences. These writings contest the popular notion that motherhood is a joyful and fulfilling experience by foregrounding the implicit aspect, i.e., the dark side of motherhood demonstrating mothers‟ pain and suffering. Instead of highlighting the glorified side of motherhood, these memoirs start highlighting the issues of sleep deprivation, anxiety, loneliness, fatigue and ambivalence of motherhood. This dark side of mothering job sometimes spirals into a harrowing Postpartum Depression (PPD). Dancing on the Edge of Sanity [1] paints the dark side of PPD with bold strokes. This memoir acts as an eye opener for those experiences which are generally swept under the hefty carpet of guilt and shame. In this paper, maternal theory will be used to analyze various socio-cultural factors that cause and intensify the experiences of PPD that Rouds [1] lived through.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on some laws that include the protection of patients' rights in Morocco, clarifying his rights by respecting his human dignity as well as his right to access health care services without any discrimination, his right to choose the doctor who will treat him, his right to obtain information about his health condition and his right to refuse or accept treatment. For a better understanding of the topic, one is addressed question, namely: What is the legal protection of the patient in Moroccan legislation? We will rely on the analytical and comparative approach. This paper is going to depend on the analysis and monitoring of international agreements aimed at affirming basic human rights, the dignity and worth of the individual, and the equal rights of men and women. Moreover, indicating the conditions under which justice can be achieved and the obligations that arising from treaties and other sources of international law is respected. In addition, our result behind this paper is to come up with some points that determining patient rights in Morocco.

This study looked into the practice of suplay among financiers and farmers from the vegetable-producing communities of Northern Luzon, Philippines. It used Key Informant Interviews as a data-gathering instrument. Results revealed that financiers owned the farms that the farmers cultivate. An average of both respondents are males, married, and residents of the study sites. Financiers and farmers agreed to the terms and conditions on planting schedules, and the inclusions and exclusions on the expenses. Finally, results revealed the dynamics and schemes adapted by the respondents as to the choice of partners and preferred traits their counterparts must possess

Three waves of COVID -19 pandemic across the globe severely affected the e all nations. Two years of slowdown disrupted the global value chains which interconnect all the nations. At the domestic level all economies suffered from a fall in demand and purchasing power on one hand and fall in production and investment due to lockdowns. Before the world could revive from the impact of pandemic, the Ukraine-Russia War worsened the global situation. The falling growth rates in advanced economies, inflationary trends across the globe seem to imply that the world economy is moving towards a recession. India is witnessing downward trends in many economic indicators and inflation though its growth rate continues to be better than many neighboring economies. This study attempts to analyse the economic situation in India in this scenario. The study outlines the growth trends in economic indicators: Growth rate of gross domestic product, saving-investment trends, growth of manufacturing sector, employment level, inflation, and the state of the Rupee in the post pandemic period. Secondary data from various resources has been used. The analysis of data on these fronts reveals that recission is around the corner at the global level but India is performing better than many nations. Still, the economists are worried about India‟s „K Shaped‟ trend in consumption expenditure which is broadening the socio-economic disparity of the rich and the poor. The level of optimism in both the consumer and the private investor continues to be very low. In the rural economy, growth has become stagnant. If the global recessionary trends result in the diversification of supply chains away from China towards India and India‟s manufacturing sector picks up, India may benefit from the global headwinds.

Collaborative learning is considered as the modern technique for learning. In the 21st century collaborative learning is taking the forefront place. It is believed that the ability of collaborative learning can enhance the motivation of the learner. And when the learner is motivated that will eventually foster learners’ academic achievement. The present study was conducted to understand the relationship between the Digital Collaboration and the Motivation to learn. The researcher has taken 60 students who have participated in an E-learning programme. Where some collaborative activities have been provided with the class contents. Simple random sampling technique is used for selecting the sample. Two self-made questionnaires were prepared to measure digital collaboration and motivation of the learners. Mean, S.D, Correlation is used as the statistical techniques. The result shows that there is a significant relationship exists between digital collaboration and motivation