In the goal of profoundly studying, essentially in the frame of narratology, the selection of characters in the great impostor, a historic novel by the morocco-algerian writer M. Ammi kebir published in Paris in 2014, we propose, then apply, a new model where the character is conceptualized as a fictional entity of language and replies. Drawing inspiration from the works of Genette, Barthes, Ewen, Rimmon-kenan, Bal, Hamon and dolezel, we amalgamate the notions of model distance, focalization and narrative instances utilized for identification and qualification in order to analyse how the carachters are built and how the where universe, from where they emerge, is structured. Thus we are in prime position to explain and .......... demonstrate that the study of the character, far from being incompatible with narratology, must be retro-referential.

With the establishment of the French East India Company and its commerce in the region of Coromandel Coast the importance of Pondicherry increased rapidly in terms of maritime commerce, though, it was a port of some considerable trade long before it. The present article aims to map out the commercial activities of the French East India Company between 1719 and 1769. It shows the (re)organization of the French East India Company and provides a glimpse of its performance in context of the region of Pondicherry in particular and Coromandel Coast in general.

Around the world illegal migration is occurring with undocumented socio-economic and political impacts and it yarns for concerted efforts at all levels to address it. Every immigrant is entitled to full protection as reaffirmed by international legal instruments of universal significance. The rationale for the systematic literature review is to examine the push and pull factors of illegal migration, share knowledge to spark and inspire processes that will usher rapid growth from all directions. A systematic review of the literatures using information collected from different sources was actuated. Google search engine and others were used to search for articles. Only peer-reviewed articles published after 2000 were selected except extracts of fundamental mileage. However, articles published by staunch international organizations working in the area for years and produced indefatigable knowledge were stealthily appraised. The study revealed that the impacts are multifaceted and encompass: socio-cultural changes, economic growth, maltreatment and exploitation, substance abuse, criminal activities increment, conflicts and political tensions, security threats, employment opportunities, discrimination and hate, health complications, family problems, and climate change and ecological disasters. In conclusion, the impacts can be in a nutshell pooled and catalogue into social, economic, political, medical, and criminal. To address the phenomenon, it demands for the urgent implementation of a combination of well-calculated strategic preventive and remedial measures.

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only reshaped our world but also redesigned our everyday lives. Since the pandemic broke out, there has been an audacious mushrooming of both disinformation and misinformation. While a layman might confuse disinformation and misinformation to mean the same, an informed eye can analyse that such is not the case. The former implies information that is false and deliberately created to harm a person, social group, organization, or country, the latter stands for false information not created with the intention of causing harm to anyone. Both forms of information, however, share a common and popular medium of dissemination, which is social media. In both cases, various popular social media platforms have been found aiding and abetting ignorant, irresponsible citizens spreading unverified news, and false information. In the absence of lack of regulation and restrictions, the two have snowballed into an Infodemic of never seen before proportions. This Infodemic has today engulfed the pandemic, proving to be a more lethal and long-term threat. The paper argues that the social media have driven, and fuelled, COVID-19 Infodemic we suffer today, has its genesis much before the breakout of the actual pandemic, and if left incontinent, shall outlast it as well. For ease of understanding the paper is divided into three main sections. The paper begins with a theoretical part in which the term 'Infodemic' is explained, and its genesis is traced back. This section explores the role that social media plays in spreading misinformation and disinformation. The second section analyses how countries like India are combating the Infodemic by enacting special provisions in their existing laws. The concluding part of the paper is advisory in nature. The research contends that the ongoing Infodemic is the result of a larger malaise affecting society, which is ignorance and irresponsibility. This moral and ethical malaise cannot be checked by laws alone, but by a larger, nationwide media literacy campaign. The only solution available to us is to cultivate mass media literacy, both for social media platforms and citizens who use them regularly, so that everyone involved in creating, consuming, and sharing information is held accountable.

Critical Discourse Analysis is the investigation of the social, political, cultural, ideological, racial, and gender-related aspects of the language used in a speech or a text. The main scope of CDA is the understanding of the relationship between a specific discourse and its unknown or overlooked meanings in relation to values, beliefs, opinions, and perspectives expressed by the speaker or orator. Analysis of a political speech is the study of the links between politics and language with regards to semantics, word choice, communicative style and techniques used to determine authority, share ideas, be persuasive, appear attractive and create consensus. The aim of this paper is to discuss the social, political, and ideological issues that are reflected in Barack Obama’s discourse during his presidential campaign in Springfield, Illinois in February 2007.

The impact and effect of media on society is substantial. The content broadcasts by the media have a deep impact on the minds of people. This also helps in the formation of personality and gives direction to the society. In the era of technological advancement, it is the need of the hour that media should produce and disseminate contents which awakens human values which leads a change in the society. So, in the present research study, the impacts of media in the formation of human values have been analyzed on the basis of tribal society of Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. On the one side, the media help in highlighting the problems of addiction and on the other side it inspires people to stay away from it. Today, even in the tribal society, the influence of media can be seen positive or negative. With this, media is also giving preference to western civilization while producing the content. Due to this, the media has had more negative impact than positive among the tribal society. But, media has also started defining the values of tribal society in a new way. The media is called as the mirror of society, but is the media proving capable enough of showing the right image of society? Under the influence of markets and capitalism, we have turned away from society. It is also the responsibility of the media to raise the human values in the society. The present media has been reduced to just entertainment and glamour Christians [1]. That's why the purpose has been lost. Media is an important unit of society. Due to the credibility of the media, society gives importance to its words Maio[2]. Therefore, he must become a catalyst in the process of social change. Media has always been an important pillar of the society. The media not only gives news of events but also forms public opinion. This provides a strong power to the media and wherever there is power there is a possibility of use of that power. In some countries, where there are powerful media groups, it is said that it influences election results by portraying events and people in those countries in certain ways. In India too, some time ago, the relationship between prominent people and leaders of the communication world came to light. In addition to preserving human values, media has made a meaningful effort for human development by harmonizing with nature and has also provided a positive attitude towards personality development. After the present study, it can be suggested that the government should take human values seriously and seek advice from educationists, psychologists, sociologists, and experts of other fields to suppress the decline in human values. True and clear signals from the top leadership of the country will have far-reaching implications to keep this trend under control Rokeach[3].

The study aims at exploring the influence of foreign maidens’ language on Sudanese households’ sounds pronunciation. The study followed the descriptive analytical method. A questionnaire is used as a primary tool for data collection. The population of the study is the Sudanese household’s language that employs FMs in their households .The sample drawn from the population consisted of 17 males and 33 females who were selected randomly. The study employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of individual sounds that correspond with the research question and hypothesis. This study used the statistical package for social science (SPSS) program to analyze and verify the hypothesis. The results showed that there are statistical significant differences among the respondents. Moreover, The FMs influenced Sudanese household’s language in terms of the pronunciations of some sounds. The study recommended that the family should be very strict in observing the margin of freedom in dealing with the FMs so as not to expose their national identity, culture and language to any threats of reversed acculturation by these FMs.

The study aims at examining the effect of foreign maidens’ language on Sudanese households’ grammatical structure. The study adopted the descriptive method. A questionnaire is used as a primary tool for data collection. The population of the study is the Sudanese house holds' language that employs FMs in their households .The sample drawn from the population consisted of 17 males and 33females who were selected randomly. The study employed a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire for data collection. The questionnaire consisted of individual sounds that correspond with the research question and hypothesis. This study used the statistical package for social science (SPSS) program to analyze and verify the hypothesis. The results showed that there are statistical significant differences among the respondents. Moreover, a vast majority of the respondents (82.50%) agree that SH are influenced by Foreign Maidens by wishing masculine and feminine markers. Further, The SH is always influenced by FMS in changing of subject verb agreement. The study recommended that the family in the Sudanese society should have the obligation of guarding this society against the negative influence of the FMs not only on the native language but also on the habits and the social norms of behavior.

This research article aims to compare and contrast vowel sounds of English and Fur languages in order to find differences and similarities between them. The researchers have adopted contrastive methodology to conduct this research article. They compare and contrast vowel sounds of English and Fur languages. The results of the research revealed that the both languages belong to different language families. English is from an Indo-European language family, whereas, Fur belongs to Nilo-Saharan language family. Moreover, there are short vowels in both languages with slight differences between them. English has seven short vowel /æ/,/ e /, /ɪ/, / ɑ /,/ ʌ /,/u/,/ ə / but ,there are eight /a̠/,/a/,/e/,/i/,/ ɨ /,/o/,/u/,/ʉ/ in Fur language. They almost share the same phonetic features of these five vowels /æ/,/e /, /ɪ/, / ɑ /,/u/. There are two short in English/ʌ/, /ə/ without equivalent in Fur, however, Fur language has /a̠/, /ɨ/, /ʉ/ these sounds do not exist in English. In addition to that, there are five long vowels ( English/i:/, /a:/, /ɜ:/,/ɔ:/,/u:/)( Fur /ee/,//oo/,/ii/,/aa/,/uu/) in both languages which have the same phonetic characteristics. On the other hand, English has eight diphthongs and triphthongs without counterparts in Fur language. Furthermore, there are three long vowels in Fur which do not exist in English language. The differences in vowel sounds between two languages result in problems faced by the Fur language learners when learning English and vice versa.

Prior to the signing into law of the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) 2021, the tax regime of companies engaged in petroleum operations in Nigeria was primarily regulated by the Petroleum Profit Tax Act (PPTA). The subsequent enactment of the PIA 2021 has adjusted and introduced major fiscal clauses in relation to the Nigerian petroleum industry, particularly in the upstream petroleum sector. The main objective of this article was therefore, to conduct an overview of the administration and enforcement of the fiscal governance under the extant petroleum industry regulatory legal framework in the light of some novel clauses introduced therein. The article adopted a library-based doctrinal research methodology by relying on both primary and secondary sources of information. The various sources of information were evaluated and inferences drawn there from. Findings of the article revealed inter alia, that the PIA has incorporated a number of fiscal innovations, including but not limited to a dual profit tax regime for upstream petroleum operating companies, namely the hydrocarbon tax (HT) and companies income tax (CIT) in lieu of the petroleum profit tax (PPT) under the PPTA. The authors therefore, recommended that if the Nigerian government will succeed in creating a dynamic fiscal framework that promotes investments in the Nigerian oil and gas industry, balancing the profits with attendant risk and attracting revenues to the government, compliance with the clauses of the statute becomes imperative both by the government and the relevant stakeholders in the sector.

Myth of Tumbainot is from the Maasai tribe, Kenya. Tumbainot is righteous in the eyes of God when, from mythological and spiritual perspective, the densely populated world becomes sinful and the first murder is committed. Prior to the penance and other religious ways for the atonement of sins, complete annihilation of humankind is the primordial image to purify humans from the sins. Boat in such myths becomes the symbol and the vehicle of salvation. The myth exhibits God’s wrath and renewal of man’s life.

The research represents a systematic cognitive process about those phenomena we were a little knowledgeable about the facts of the research, and which results help us to resolve various questions from the social practice. The quantitative approach in research is characterized by the presentation of the facts by using the numbers, while the qualitative research describes the facts by words. In this paper, we shall try to answer the one of the ancient questions from the social practice by the instruments of qualitative and quantitative comparative analyses, and logicalmathematical reasoning. Considering the fact that the human thinking is the subject to logic (common sense) and the truth about the events is the subject to mathematics, we shall try to correct logical thinking from the level of mathematics, in order to make the correct reasoning. Namely, genetic mutation refers to changes in the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, which permanently retain and transmit to the next generation of cells. As the outcome of genetic mutations, after a certain number of repetitions (births), a child will be born with an animal hair, two heads, three legs, four kidneys, more hands, a tail, etc. Therefore, the human body, after a certain number of reproductions (births), deviates in some cases, in relation to the largest number of identical repetitions, which we can call the “anatomical archetype”. The question is, is it possible by establishing of some critical mass of repetitions (births), with a sufficient number of carried out mutations, to expect with an absolute certainty and without exception, the birth of an immortal individual.

This study examines the areas of convergence between the symbolic and conceptual meanings of colours using selected churches in Uyo Metropolis. To do this, 20 churches were randomly selected across the different denominations. Using survey design, data were collected from responses to questionnaire administered to the respondents and analysed using descriptive method. This research affirms that there are some relationships between conceptual meaning of colours and their symbolic meanings, as well as some areas of convergence and divergence in symbolization of colour. This study concludes by noting that colour is an unspoken language that communicates meaning and that the poor knowledge of the symbolisation of the colours could lead to a breach of communication and misconception. This study therefore recommends that language users in the different speech Communities should consciously learn what these colours symbolise for effective communication.

Internal audit is an integral part of the internal control system of public service organizations and gaining recognition as an important tool to improve organizational performance as well. In the Philippines, the agency Heads are tasked to organize an Internal Audit Service or internal Audit Department in their respective offices to assist the agency head by conducting an independent evaluation of the internal control system to determine if controls are well designed and properly implemented. This study is a descriptive and inferential research intended to determine the awareness on the Roles of Internal Audit Services Office at the President Ramon Magsaysay State University, using a survey method in gathering preliminary data participated by the 273 regular employees. The findings show that the respondents agree that they are aware on the functional roles of Internal Audit Services in terms of independence, scope, competence of internal auditors, and work performance. There was also a significant relationship between Independence and age, no. of years in service profile variables, significant as to Scope of Internal Audit Services, Competence of Internal Auditors, and Work Performance Functional Roles according to their age, civil status, campus, and no. of years in service profile variables.

The primary objective of this article is to assess Muslim immigrants' status in America after 9/11, as stated in Homeland Elegies by Ayad Akhtar. Muslim immigrants are victims of exploitation and are distressed because of changing cultural circumstances and shifting homes. Their cultural disconnect, feelings of homelessness and their homes being snatched lead them to a continuous sense of seeking belongingness. Ayad Akhtar highlights these circumstances in Homeland Elegies[1]. The novel captures the predicament of a post-9/11 world where cultural identities were adrift. It presents the immigrants' problems concerning alienation from their homeland and host culture. It has been challenging for Muslim immigrants to connect with mainstream American communities because these immigrants bring an extensive cultural heritage. This novel is a profound autobiographical art that highlights diminishing cultural individuality in a nation coming apart. The novel narrates a deep story that blends fiction and fact to convey belongingness and feelings of dispossession in the global prejudiced perspective in the post-9/11 world. This work comprises a drama relating to family relationships. Moreover, it might be considered social discourse or fantastic adventurous text. The narrative primarily highlights an immigrant father and his son in a nation they call home

The study examines the contributions of Women Intercessors for the Church and the Nations (a.k.a. Wailing Women Worldwide) to “reverse mission” which resonates with the demographic shift in World Christianity, whereby the West is no longer the centre of Christianity, but Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific. Thus, this study is to recover some of the specific contributions of Women Intercessors to the spread of the gospel in different cultural contexts and ethnicities. Utilizing historical and narrative approach to research, data were collected from oral interviews, participant observations and secondary materials, and later triangulated for validity and reliability of sources. The findings revealed that Women Intercessors for the Church and the Nations have contributed to the rapid numerical, spiritual and socioeconomic spread of the gospel. Women Intercessors for the Church and the Nations have been in six out of the seven continents of the world covering up to 103 nations. It is therefore recommended that in telling the story of the Church in Africa, women‟s contribution to reverse mission cannot be underestimated, and here lies the contribution to knowledge of this study.

The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide an analysis of 481 YouTube videos in connection with North Korea. A point to note is that the six-word expression was the most widely used one in 481 YouTube videos. A further point to note is that the word North Korea was the most widely used one in 481 YouTube videos, followed by the word war, the word country, the word missile, the word person, the word Russia, the word US, and the word China, in that order. It is worth pointing out, on the other hand, that topic 7 was the most widely used one in 481 YouTube videos, followed by topic 4, topic 1 (topic 3), and topic 6, in descending order. With respect to the frequency of YouTube videos, it is interesting to note that the word Facebook occurred in 232 YouTube videos (the highest). This in turn indicates that it was the most widely used one in 481 YouTube videos. Finally, it is worthwhile noting that the words News, drill, missile, etc. are directly linked to the word North Korea. It is also worthwhile pointing out that the word weapon is linked to the word test and the latter is linked to the word missile again.

For many Rwandan learners, speaking English remains limited and questioned. This article determined the Factors leading to secondary ordinary level learners‟ low English speaking proficiency in secondary schools in Musanze district. The study relied on both qualitative and quantitative approaches, purposive and simple random sampling were used to select a sample of 122 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews & focus group discussions, and analysed using SPSS and thematic content analysis. Generally, the findings showed that factors leading to low proficiency involve teachers‟ inability to encourage learners to communicate in English, lack of language practice environment, inadequate classrooms. Findings also uncovered that using morphology awareness to guesstimate new vocabularies and applying computer assisted approach (British e-dictionary) to enhance English pronunciation as well as reinforcing phonetics/ phonologies can enhance learners‟ English speaking proficiency and play a significant role in improving ordinary level learners‟ English speaking proficiency in Musanze district.

The paper accordingly aims to among other things investigate the roles played by the Independent National Electoral Commission, (INEC), in the mobilization of citizens for the General elections, the factors that induced citizens‟ participation as well as the level of conformity of the political behavior of the electorate with electoral guidelines. The paper also seeks to assess the extent to which participation and voting behavior contributed to the credibility and success of the polls. To achieve this aim, descriptive research design was used for the study. It was recommended that INEC should be able to provide quality voting equipment for the citizens of the Nigeria. INEC must be able to carry out free, fair and credible elections. The study concludes that effective political participation and the voting behavior of citizens tantamount the effectiveness of the political process and it is thus recommended amongst other things that for political stability to be maintained, the electoral process must be accommodating, and allow for expression of the electoral freedom of the people as well as giving cognizance to the socio-economic wellbeing of the people.

This article examines the relationship between Dalit activists' identities and their political mobilisation. It explores how these activists, who are frequently portrayed in the media as dirty and 'backward,' come to terms with and embrace their identities as Dalits. The word ''Dalit'' is used in the same emic context as it was by the activists when discussing this idea. To reiterate, the activists identify as ''Dalit,'' a term they extend to all Scheduled Castes in India, as well as ''Dalit'' Christians and Muslims. Some people who may or may not have been considered members of the ''Untouchable'' caste in India are referred to by this word. The activists' use of the phrase gives me insight into who they regard themselves as representing, and it seems to me to be a challenge to the SC's decision to exclude Christians and Muslims. In contrast to others who just accept the ''Dalit'' label without question, I wish to draw attention to and evaluate its application. So that it is obvious that the claims I make here do not apply to the Dalit population at large but rather to the context of this study, I shall use the term ''activist'' to refer to these individuals